On May 22, the U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 1, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” by a vote of 215 to 214, with one member voting present. The vote followed extended negotiations and a prolonged floor debate. All Democratic members voted against the legislation. Two Republican members, Representatives Thomas Massie (KY) and Warren Davidson (OH), also opposed the bill, while Representative Andy Harris (MD) voted present. The vote result reflects a narrowly unified Republican caucus following several days of internal discussions and revisions to the bill’s language.