The webinar was co-hosted by the National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) and the Economic Development Administration (EDA).  It is part of a series that will occur in 2013. Future webinars will address other EDA-funded data tools, including Stats America, Triple Bottom Line, Regional Innovation Accelerator Network (RIAN), and more. The NADO Research Foundation is coordinating the webinars as part of its Know Your Region program which is funded through an agreement with the U.S. Economic Development Administration (#99-06-07548).

Please contact NADO Deputy Executive Director Laurie Thompson at lthompson@nado.org if you have any questions about this webinar, or the series in general.

Click here to download the Powerpoint slides from the webinar 

Featured speakers include:

• Ferd Hoefner, National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition
• Bahia Nightengale, Heartland Local Food, with Supervisor Melvyn Houser, Pottawattamie County, Iowa
• Elanor Starmer, USDA

Register for the webinar here.

This webinar is offered as a service to grantees of the federal government’s Sustainable Communities Initiative, NADO members, NACo members, and the broad community of individuals and organizations interested in regional food systems as a strategy for rural economic development.

For more information, contact Stephanie Osborn, sosborn@naco.org or 202.942.4235.

Biddeford’s youth, including Victoria Eon pictured here at the city’s mills, have been an instrumental part of the city’s community development planning efforts. (Photo credit: Victoria Eon)

Biddeford, Maine’s 2011 Downtown Master Plan includes the words “youth” or “students” 157 times over its 217 pages.  This was not an accident, but rather a demonstration of this New England mill town’s strong commitment to including young people and students in its visioning and community development efforts.  Students were a driving force in the master plan development process, launched through a partnership of the City of Biddeford, its main street organization Heart of Biddeford, and the Orton Family Foundation, an organization that works with small towns and cities to support local community planning.  The result of this initiative has not only been the publication of the Downtown Master Plan, but also the blossoming of strong community relationships, an appreciation of the city’s shared history and values, and a boost to local economic development.

Biddeford, a city of 20,000 residents located 20 miles south of Portland on the Saco River, has a rich and vibrant history as a textile mill manufacturing center.  At the turn of the twentieth century, it had become one of Maine’s largest cities and was home to a diverse population of residents, including French Canadians, Germans, Dutch, Albanians, and Greeks, many of whom were drawn to Biddeford in search of jobs in the mills.  Decades of prosperity began to come to an end in the years following World War II when many manufacturers sought cheaper labor and supplies in the Southern states.  Population began to decrease and Biddeford’s downtown area, formerly a thriving gathering space for the community, began a steady decline as malls and shopping centers sprung up in the outer suburbs.  The downtown area also suffered a major blow with the installation of a trash incinerator nearby, firmly establishing it as a “no go” area for many residents.

For years it looked as if Biddeford would go the way of many former industrial towns into a state of permanent decline until the 1980s, when efforts were made to fund downtown infrastructure and streetscape improvements.  During this time, the Downtown Development Commission (DDC) was also established to support downtown revitalization and community development efforts.  In 2008 in conjunction with the Orton Family Foundation, the city began what was known as the Heartworks planning process, which included community storytelling, neighborhood meetings, and the development and publication of the Downtown Master Plan.  In all three of these stages, Biddeford’s youth played an important role.  “Youth are a crucial group to engage,” says the Orton Family Foundation’s Ariana McBride.  “They bring a unique perspective to the table.”  Local high school students were active participants in community meetings, interviewed relatives and community members about their lives and recollections of Biddeford, and organized historical and cultural tours of the city’s mills.

Biddeford’s mills, which for so many years provided jobs, security, and a sense of identity, are once again a focal point in this new chapter of Biddeford’s story. (Photo credit: Maine: An Encyclopedia, maineanencyclopedia.com)

The visioning and storytelling process has instilled a new sense of pride in local residents, particularly among Biddeford’s youth who for years saw no hope in the future of their town. “I’m ashamed to admit it now, but for many years I didn’t like my hometown,” says Tom Laverriere, a senior at Biddeford High School.  “Up until I was about 15 I thought it was boring, had no real opportunities, and was inferior to neighboring communities.  It wasn’t until I got involved that I realized how great it is.”

“I have seen changes in the way the teenagers look at themselves and their town,” observes Carolyn Gosselin, a Biddeford High School English teacher.  Gosselin’s Senior English Perspectives in Literature course teaches students about the oral storytelling tradition by having them interview family members and local residents about their lives and experiences in Biddeford.

Victoria Eon, a freshman at McGill University and graduate of Biddeford High, notes how the storytelling process and student-led tours of the mills have created a new connection to her town and fellow students.  “Engaging in these conversations has brought me closer to my peers.  I’m excited that they are excited, and proud that they – at long last – feel proud of their humble roots without being asked why.”

The mills, which for so many years provided jobs, security, and a sense of identity, are once again a focal point in this new chapter in Biddeford’s story.  “These buildings of brick are my history,” says Victoria.  The progress being made in Biddeford “speaks to the resilience of the people these buildings inspire,” she says.  It is the resilience of this town – both in its built history and social fabric – that is moving Biddeford forward, led by young people who want to see a stronger future for their community.

Click the links below to learn more about student involvement in Biddeford, lessons learned from the experience, and student interviews:

This case study is part of NADO’s “Youth with a Voice” case studies series, which highlights small towns and rural communities that are effectively engaging young people in planning and community development projects.  By recognizing and valuing the tremendous energy and optimism students bring to local development efforts, these communities are building stronger and more lasting bonds between young people and their hometowns.  For more information, contact Brett Schwartz at bschwartz@nado.org.

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The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government.

Click here to watch a recording of the webinar
Click here to download the Powerpoint slides (PDF) 

Presenters:

Chione Flegal, Associate Director, PolicyLink
Danielle Bergstrom, Program Associate, PolicyLink
Ismael Diaz Herrera, Director, San Joaquin Valley Rural Development Center
Reyna Villalobos, Community Building Specialist, Central California Regional Obesity Prevention Program
Emily Saunders, Community Development Senior Project Specialist, City of Knoxville, TN

Moderator:
Brett Schwartz, Program Manager, NADO

For more information, contact Brett Schwartz at bschwartz@nado.org

The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government.

Brownsville is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, along the banks of the Monongahela River.  In the 1970s and 80s, shifts in the steel industry resulted in job loss, outmigration, and community disinvestment. (Photo credit: BARC)

Brownsville is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, along the banks of the Monongahela River.  An hour’s drive away from Pittsburgh, Brownsville made its mark as an economic center in the region during the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century as a transportation hub for travelers venturing into the Ohio Valley.  Flat boat construction and later steamboat manufacturing were major industries in the area until railroads became the preferred choice for transport and shipping.

With the transition to railroads, Brownsville suffered an economic decline, only to make a comeback with the rise of the steel industry in the region during the twentieth century which led to decades of prosperity.  However, challenging times once again hit Brownsville and other industrial towns in the 1970s and 80s, resulting in job loss, outmigration, and general disinvestment in the community.  Brownsville’s current population is around 2,300 – a quarter of what it was in the mid-twentieth century.  Historic buildings downtown are boarded up, trash piles up in illegal dumping grounds, and the streets are often silent.

For teenagers living there today, the image of Brownsville as a prosperous industrial town exists only in the stories they hear from older generations.  “My grandfather owned a shop in the main part of town and he would tell me stories about the booming city – the way people would overflow the sidewalks, the endless shops and sights, or the countless trains passing through.  As I’ve grown up, I’ve realized that things have unfortunately changed,” says Brownsville Area High School (BAHS) senior Franchesca Legros.

Students at Brownsville Area High School formed a Students in Action team which has planned and designed a park and performance stage in downtown Brownsville. (Photo credit: Herald-Standard)

Chelsea Gump, also a senior at BAHS, says that her own family’s recollections inspired her to become more involved in her community, particularly after listening to her grandmother and mother, “whose stories gave me the vision of when Brownsville was a thriving community.”

Inspired by their town’s past and their own family members’ recollections of a better time, Chelsea, Franchesca, and other BAHS students have embarked on a project to breathe new life into the community by planning, designing, and advocating for a park and performance stage in downtown Brownsville.  With the support of their school, elected officials, local businesses, the local community development corporation, residents, and other groups, the students are striving to make their community a place they are proud to call home and where many hope to return after college.

Click the links below to learn more about the students’ efforts in Brownsville, best practices learned from the experience, and student interviews:  

This case study is part of NADO’s “Youth with a Voice” case studies series, which highlights small towns and rural communities that are effectively engaging young people in planning and community development projects.  By recognizing and valuing the tremendous energy and optimism students bring to local development efforts, these communities are building stronger and more lasting bonds between young people and their hometowns.  For more information, contact Brett Schwartz at bschwartz@nado.org.

  _____________________________

The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government.

In 1970, economist Albert O. Hirschman published Exit, Voice, and Loyalty:  Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.  In it, Hirschman outlines what he sees as three options available to individuals ensnared in a negative or oppressive circumstance, such as feeling trapped in an unproductive job, belonging to a group that has strayed from its original principles, or living in a repressive society.  People can “exit,” that is, escape or move on without caring about the “fate of the communities whence they came.”  They can show “loyalty,” or do nothing and uphold the status quo of the situation and bear the consequences.  Or, more optimistically, people can use their “voice” and work within their circumstances to make a positive and lasting change for the better.  Cynthia M. Duncan, an expert on rural poverty and economic development, explains how this theory applies to rural communities in her book Worlds Apart:  Why Poverty Persists in Rural America, as well as in shorter articles here and here.

‘Exit’

Much of the research and literature addressing the lives of rural youth today fall into the “exit” and “loyalty” categories, where young people in rural communities either migrate away at the first opportunity, or stay behind with little or no chance to get ahead in a challenging economic environment.  The impact of the outmigration of rural youth has been well-documented, particularly by sociologists Patrick J. Carr and Maria J. Kefalas.  In a piece in the Chronicle of Higher Education in 2009, published shortly before the release of their book Hollowing Out the Middle:  The Rural Brain Drain and What It Means for America, Carr and Kefalas explain:

“The most dramatic evidence of rural meltdown has been the hollowing out – that is, losing the most talented young people at precisely the same time that changes in farming and industry has transformed the landscape for those who stay.  This so-called rural “brain drain” isn’t a new phenomenon, but by the 21st century the shortage of young people has reached a tipping point, and its consequences are more severe now than ever before.  Simply put, many small towns are mere years away from extinction, while others limp along in a weakened and disabled state.”

As rural communities and small towns face the challenges of a changing economy, much has been written about young people either migrating away or staying behind with limited economic opportunities. (Photo courtesy Flickr user .:[ Melissa ]:.)

High school students in Brownsville, PA launched a campaign to redevelop an abandoned lot in the downtown area into a community park with a stage. They have received national recognition for their work.

‘Voice’

Many of the research papers and writings cited above provide strategies for addressing rural poverty and reversing the outmigration of youth– initiatives grounded in education, workforce development, and better preparing young people for the new economy.  In the upcoming months, through this “Youth with a Voice” series, we will add to this discussion by providing place-based examples of small towns and rural communities that have been successful in proactively engaging young people and incorporating their views and ideas into local visioning, planning, and community development.  These places have rejected the concept of the “rural brain drain” and are striving to capitalize on the tremendous local resource that is their youth.

A comprehensive plan or regional sustainability plan by its very nature addresses the needs and demands of future generations.  But don’t forget, some members of those “future generations” are already here with us and many have strong opinions about the type of community they want to live in as adults.  Young people’s voices and ideas must be heard, respected, and incorporated into a community plan if the goal is for long-term sustainability, prosperity, and improved quality of life.  “Young people and their big ideas…can be legitimized by the fact that they will still be around in 40, 50, or 60 years and will inherit the results of current decisions,” notes a youth civic engagement guide from the Orton Family Foundation.  Today’s rural high school students are your region’s future business, civic, and educational leaders – but only if efforts are made to plan and develop your community into a place they will want to live in years from now.

Edcouch-Elsa High School students work with the Llano Grande Center in south Texas to map local community assets and opportunities.

Add to the Conversation!

Stay tuned for more in this series of case studies and other resources which will provide insight into rural communities that are making strong efforts to end the cycle of “sending off their good treasures.”  The communities which will be featured have recognized that an important part of the complex and multifaceted effort to encourage young people to invest in their rural communities and small towns is to listen to their needs, hopes, and dreams.

If you have worked with or know of a small town or rural region that has successfully engaged youth in planning and civic participation, contact Brett Schwartz, Program Manager, at bschwartz@nado.org or 202.624.7736 to add to the conversation.  We hope to spark a dialogue around ways to incorporate young, creative, and energetic voices into planning their communities for a better future.

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The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government.

The Request for Proposals is on the new CIRD website: www.rural-design.org. The deadline for submitting a proposal is Tuesday March 5, 2013. CIRD will offer three free application-assistance calls to answer questions and guide interested applicants in assembling their proposals on January 23, February 7, and February 28. For more details and to register, visit www.rural-design.org/application-assistance.

Hollywood Meets Main Street

While most Americans may not have heard of the small town of Las Vegas, New Mexico, many have traveled there –at least in their imaginations – while watching major Hollywood blockbusters such as 2007’s Academy Award winner for Best Picture “No Country for Old Men,” the 1984 Cold War thriller “Red Dawn,” and 1969’s counter-cultural landmark “Easy Rider.”  For almost one hundred years, filmmakers and television producers have found Las Vegas to be an ideal location for shooting productions on its historic streets and beautiful surrounding countryside.

Situated in north central New Mexico between the foot of the Rockies’ Sangre de Cristo Mountains and the edge of the Great Plains, Las Vegas’ outskirts can serve as a stand-in for a variety of different locales because of its diverse physical landscape.  In town, Las Vegas’ built environment features homes, storefronts, and civic buildings that showcase a wide breadth of prominent mid-to-late 19th  century architectural styles such as Italianate, Victorian, Queen Anne, Mission Revival, and many others.  This diversity in building style, the result of the city’s interesting history, makes Las Vegas a unique backdrop for film and TV productions, particularly ones seeking an authentic-looking small town with a colorful “Main Street” lined with stores, restaurants, and galleries.

Las Vegas’ Bridge Street, which connects “Old Town” with “New Town,” is home to shops, restaurants, and galleries that exemplify the Italianate commercial architecture popular in the mid-to-late 19th century.  (Photo Courtesy of the Las Vegas Citizens Committee for Historic Preservation)

Las Vegas’ eclectic architecture and vibrant history also make it a place worth preserving and redeveloping.  With local, state, and federal funding, Las Vegas has made significant progress through historic preservation, main street redevelopment, and supporting the arts and cultural activities.  These efforts have helped instill a sense of place as well as provide an economic boost to this city of 13,000 by creating jobs, spurring new businesses, and attracting private investment.

‘A Rich and Unusual History’

Las Vegas’ look and appearance today has been shaped by almost two centuries of cultural and economic influences, varied land use patterns, and the impact of transportation advancements.  “Las Vegas is a town with a very rich and unusual history,” says Doyle Daves, a Las Vegas resident and board member of the town’s Las Vegas Citizens Committee for Historic Preservation (LVCCHP).  “Even today, we still talk about it in terms of ‘Old Town’ and ‘New Town.’”  This geographic distinction is the result of two major economic periods that shaped Las Vegas.  Founded in 1835 along the Gallinas River, the city became an important drop-off point along the Santa Fe Trail, the critical 19th century route that carried goods and people between New Mexico and Missouri in the days before railroads.

In its heyday as an important spot along the Trail, Las Vegas consisted of small adobe homes located around a main plaza and church, in a traditional style of the Southwest region modeled after the Spanish Laws of the Indies.  Streets were winding, narrow, and spread out in relation to the terrain and to meet agricultural needs, rather than any particular plan.  During these years, Las Vegas grew in population and financially prospered due to its prime location along the Trail, 70 miles east of Santa Fe.

Las Vegas’ look and appearance today has been shaped by almost two centuries of cultural and economic influences, varied land use patterns, and transportation advancements.  (Photo Courtesy of the NM State Records Center and Archives)

Changes would eventually come to Las Vegas in the form of the powerful trains arriving from the East on the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railroad that first arrived in town on July 4, 1879.  Though the invention of the railroad had major political, social, and economic impacts on the entire country, the changes it brought to Las Vegas were particularly profound.  The railroad depot in “New Town” was situated one mile away from “Old Town’s” central plaza.  In addition to bringing new goods, people, and attitudes from the East, the arrival of the railroad also resulted in new and different styles of planning and land use in the district surrounding the railroad depot.  In contrast to Old Town’s original winding and narrow streets, development in this part of town was based on a gridded street pattern found in Eastern cities and towns.  Streets were wider, more orderly, and lined with multi-story buildings designed in a variety of architectural styles such as the popular Italianate and Victorian.

The divisions that existed in town at this time were not limited to architecture and street design, but to politics and economics, as well.  These differences led to the community being split into East and West Las Vegas, which separately incorporated in 1888 and 1903, respectively.  They would eventually merge into one municipality, but not until 1970 after citizens voted for consolidation.  This history, though divisive at times, has shaped Las Vegas into the unique place it is today.  “Th[e] contrast between two different traditions and their cultures, and the friction and conflict that came with it, also brought to Las Vegas a diversity of styles, political prominence in northern New Mexico, a distinctive hybrid architecture, and a unique heritage that still gives the town a special sense of place unlike any community in New Mexico,” notes the 2011 Las Vegas Comprehensive Master Plan Update.

Like many other railroad boom towns that thrived in the late 1800s, Las Vegas did not fare as well in the twentieth century.   It suffered a major setback in 1905 when a new rail line was built in New Mexico between the towns of Clovis and Belen, cutting off Las Vegas in the north.  The Great Depression hit the community hard, and with the eventual decline of the railroad industry with the postwar rise of automobile and truck travel, Las Vegas turned into only a passing blur for many travelers whizzing through the state on I-25.  Today, Las Vegas is home to over 900 buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, one of the highest per capita in the nation.  In a strange twist of fate, Las Vegas’ mid-century economic challenges resulted in a historic and architectural goldmine that is “frozen in time,” in the words of the city’s 2010 Downtown Action Plan.  “So many of these historic buildings are still standing here because no one had the money to tear them down” after Las Vegas’ boom town days ended, says LVCCHP’s Daves.

‘A Good Time to Invest in Downtowns’

Main Street de Las Vegas covers a 1.07 mile corridor that includes the three major commercial districts in the city: Old Town, New Town, and Railroad Avenue. Click image to enlarge.  (Map courtesy of Community by Design)

It is within these historic buildings and along these streets that Las Vegas is seeking to promote economic development and foster a sense of community pride.  The city has benefited from being located in a state that values the importance of vibrant downtowns and main streets.  The New Mexico MainStreet Program was created in 1985 by the state legislature to support local towns and communities implement the National Trust for Historic Preservation’s Main Street Four-Point Approach which emphasizes economic development through historic preservation.

New Mexico MainStreet, part of the state’s Economic Development Department, provides technical assistance, training, business support, and other services to the 23 programs located throughout the state.  The work has resulted in major tangible results in both large and small communities.  In 2012, 622 new jobs were created, 134 new businesses were launched, and 135 private buildings were renovated, resulting in $16,912,000 in private sector reinvestment in communities involved with MainStreet.  These initiatives “are critical for New Mexico and particularly rural communities,” says Rich Williams, the program’s director.  “This is a good time to invest in downtowns, through acquiring or renovating a property or launching a new start up.  Main streets are the greatest places in the world to incubate small businesses,” he says.

‘A Visible Impact in the Community’

Las Vegas became a certified MainStreet community in 2005.  Projects are coordinated locally by Main Street de Las Vegas (MSLV), which oversees projects in a 1.07-mile corridor that connects the city’s three major commercial areas of Old Town, New Town, and Railroad Avenue.  These districts are home to a varied mix of shops, restaurants, galleries, bookstores, museums, residences, and hotels.  From 2005 to 2011, the work of Main Street de Las Vegas resulted in 18 net new businesses, the creation of 181 new jobs, and sparked $12,003,088 in private reinvestment.  Over $890,000 was received in public sector grants.  “Our organization has made a visible impact in the community,” says Cindy Collins, executive director of Main Street de Las Vegas.

State capital outlay funds have led to streetscape improvements in the downtown area as well as provide resources to support the creation of a Downtown Action Plan, which was finalized in 2010.  The city received $99,000 from the US Department of Agriculture Rural Business Enterprise Grant (RBEG) program to provide state and federal tax credit assistance to owners renovating buildings in the downtown area as well as to provide technical assistance to small business owners and operators.  USDA funds also led to the installation of WiFi in the downtown area and a GIS database of local businesses.

The Castañeda Hotel, formerly part of the famed Harvey House chain, was purchased in December 2012.  The plans to renovate the hotel will be “transformative” for the city, says Cindy Collins of Main Street de Las Vegas.  (Photo courtesy MSLV)

Two recent developments have generated much excitement in Las Vegas – the upcoming renovation of the Bridge Street Breezeway and the recent purchase of the long vacant Castañeda Hotel.  The Breezeway is an open air structure that sits on the former site of a vacant building that collapsed on Bridge Street.  Main Street de Las Vegas received $90,000 in capital outlay funds to renovate the space with the goal of using the area and the parking lot behind it for art exhibitions, music performances, and potentially a farmers market.  Work will begin in spring 2013.  In December 2012 the Castañeda Hotel, one of the former hotels in the famed Harvey House chain, was purchased by an investor seeking to renovate it and also include an artistic element to the property.  The Castañeda is situated next to the Las Vegas Intermodal Center, located in a renovated train station built in 1899 and today served by Amtrak’s Southwest Chief train.  “This project has the potential to be transformative for our city,” says Collins.  The buyer first became interested in investing in the property after reading the city’s master plan and later reached out to Main Street de Las Vegas with his proposal.

Volunteers, including students from nearby New Mexico Highlands University, have helped repaint 10 vacant buildings as part of the “Façade Squad” sponsored by Main Street de Las Vegas.  (Photo courtesy of MSLV)

Volunteers have been a key driver in the progress made along the main street corridor.  In 2011 alone, over 1,300 volunteer hours were logged.  One of the most successful volunteer-led projects has been the “Façade Squad,” a group of volunteers who have helped repaint 10 vacant buildings in an effort to beautify the area and inspire additional restoration.  Students from New Mexico Highlands University, located in the heart of Las Vegas near Bridge Street, have often volunteered on these painting teams.  Over the past five years under new leadership, the university has evolved into a major supporter of community development efforts in Las Vegas.  “The university recognizes that what’s good for the university is good for Las Vegas, and vice versa,” says Main Street’s Cindy Collins.  Highlands University was also a partner in the installation of a sign that directs visitors to the downtown area, the historic plaza, and the university itself, a major improvement as the community has lacked adequate signage to attract visitors off the highway.

Las Vegas has suffered from poor signage and wayfinding. Recently, this sign was been installed to direct visitors and passersby to the downtown and historic districts.  (Photo courtesy MSLV)

The North Central New Mexico Economic Development District (NCNMEDD) has been an active partner is supporting redevelopment efforts in Las Vegas, as well as including it in larger regional planning.  NCNMEDD covers a seven-county region and has worked with the city in application and grant preparation, technical assistance, and planning for a variety of projects, including a Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) application to fund the Comprehensive Master Plan and assisting in efforts to fund streetscape improvements.  NCNMEDD has included Las Vegas’ economic development strategies into the latest regional Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) report and also works with the city as part of a Regional Transportation Planning Organization that provides technical assistance and other support for local transportation projects.

Historic Preservation and Promotion of the Arts

Las Vegas’ main street redevelopment efforts have been bolstered by strong support for historic preservation and the promotion of the arts and culture in the city and surrounding areas.  Since 1977, the Las Vegas Citizens Committee for Historic Preservation (LVCCHP) has worked to support historic preservation in the city through both advocacy and educational initiatives.  It has assisted in writing Las Vegas’ historic buildings ordinance, partnered with the city to receive Certified Local Government status from the state to receive federal historic preservation funding, and organized educational workshops and tours to highlight Las Vegas’ past.  One of LVCCHP’s marquee events during the year is the annual “Places With a Past” tour held during Heritage Week.  This tour brings residents and visitors through homes that showcase Las Vegas’ diverse architectural styles, from the traditional adobe to the more ornate Victorian style.  “Places With a Past” also visits the Montezuma Castle, located six miles northwest of the city.  The castle, originally built as a hotel in 1886 for visitors to the nearby hot springs, is now home to the US campus of the United World Colleges.  This tour, as well as the Holiday Home tour and Garden tour, bring in visitors from the larger cities of Albuquerque and Santa Fe, as well as some out-of-state guests.

The Baca Building (right) and Estella’s Café (middle) are local landmarks on Bridge Street.  Families and individuals have been critical in supporting historic preservation efforts throughout the city.   (Photo courtesy of Emilio Baca)

Individuals and families have also been instrumental in supporting historic preservation in Las Vegas, rehabbing family homes and businesses while maintaining historic facades and designs.  William “Wid” Slick, owner of the Plaza Hotel located on Old Town’s plaza, has been active in preservation and restoration work in Las Vegas since the early 1980s, when he was involved in the restoration of the 19th century hotel.  Today, the Plaza and the adjoining Ilfeld Building are major attractions in the city for tourists and locals alike.  In 1980, Elmo Baca and his father Manuel bought and renovated an Italianate commercial-style building originally built in 1884 on Bridge Street, the colorful thoroughfare which connects Old Town and New Town.  That project first sparked Elmo’s interest in downtown revitalization and preservation efforts and he continues to remain involved in these community issues.  His building is located next to Estella’s, a family owned and operated restaurant open for over six decades.  It is a local landmark in its own right and its vintage sign outside is a favorite subject for amateur photographers seeking to capture the historic essence of Bridge Street.  This local community buy-in to preservation is an important reason Las Vegas has been able to maintain its historic character and charm.

In 2008, Las Vegas was designated by New Mexico as one of the two first pilot cities for the newly created Arts and Cultural Districts Program, established the year before by the state legislature with the goal of fostering local economic development through the arts and tourism.  Designation as an arts and cultural district provides for additional redevelopment support from the state, including more historic preservation tax credits and tourism funding (Tourism is the second largest net revenue generator in New Mexico).  Since its creation in 2007, the program has now expanded to serve six districts throughout the state.

One of the local organizations that has benefited from Las Vegas’ designation as an arts and cultural district is the Las Vegas Arts Council (LVAC).  Located in a historic building on Bridge Street, LVAC has supported a variety of artistic programs and initiatives in the community for over three decades.  With the help and support of volunteers, it converted its front office space into the Gallery 140 and for the past three and a half years has run a program to showcase local artists and musicians.  “The gallery gives arts a center stage and helps highlight the importance of the arts in our community,” says Linda Wooten-Green, a local artist and co-president of LVAC.  Recent shows in the gallery have featured sculpture, quilts, and tin artwork.  The gallery also hosts a Sunday music salon in the winter where local musicians, including high school and college students, perform in the space to around 40 to 50 people.  LVAC also supports the city-sponsored annual People’s Faire held every August for over thirty years.  Between 60 to 80 vendors from the region set up in Carnegie Park and sell crafts, jewelry, baked goods, jams and jellies, books, and other wares.  All of these efforts are part of the larger goal of making Las Vegas part of an “arts triangle” with the cities of Santa Fe and Taos.

Since the early 1900s, Las Vegas has served as the backdrop for many films and television shows because of its diverse architecture and landscape. Here, University Avenue is outfitted as a border crossing for the 2008 film “Inhale.”  Las Vegas is actually located over 300 miles away from the real US-Mexico border.  (Photo courtesy of the Las Vegas New Mexico Film Commission)

As mentioned earlier, Las Vegas has hosted numerous film and TV productions for almost one hundred years, dating back to the silent era when Tom Mix rode into town to film his western movies.  In addition to the natural and built environment that has attracted filmmakers, New Mexico’s film tax credit, which provides crews with a 25% refundable tax credit on production expenditures, is a major incentive for producers.  The local economy has benefited from these projects, as crews rent hotel rooms, eat and shop in local businesses, utilize local building material suppliers, and sometimes use locals as extras on productions, says Lindsey Hill, film liaison at the Las Vegas New Mexico Film Commission.  “The film industry has also helped increase tourism in our community,” she explains.  “People come from all over to check out the many film locations that have been used.  This is what spurred the creation of a film tour guide,” which includes information about the history of film in the city and points of interest for visitors to see the actual locations from some of their favorite movies.

A New Chapter 

For the 14,000 residents who call Las Vegas, New Mexico home, this town is not simply a stand-in for some other community on a movie or television screen, but rather a very real place steeped in local history, culture, and natural beauty.  These are the local assets that have attracted filmmakers to this small community for years, and it are these assets that local residents and officials are working to capitalize on to make Las Vegas a vibrant place to live, work, and be entertained.  Through local economic development efforts including main street redevelopment, historic preservation, and the promotion of the arts, Las Vegas is seeking to write a new chapter in its storied history – one that builds on its past to create a stronger future.

This case study was researched and written by Brett Schwartz, NADO Research Fellow.

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This is part of the NADO Research Foundation’s Vibrant Rural Communities series of case studies, which describes how rural regions and small towns across the country are growing local and regional economies and creating stronger communities. This series shows how communities can leverage a wide range of tools and resources to build on their assets, protect their resources, and make strategic investments that offer long-term benefits.

This project is based in part upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under Agreement No. DTFH61-10-C-00047. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of FHWA or the NADO Research Foundation.

The Baca Building (right) and Estella’s Café (middle) are local landmarks on Bridge Street in Las Vegas, New Mexico. Families and individuals have been critical in supporting the city’s historic preservation efforts.

It has often been said that “If you’ve seen one rural town, you’ve seen one rural town.”  This observation is certainly true as each community has its own geography, history, natural resources, climate, and demographics.  However, the unique nature of each town should not serve as a barrier for sharing success stories and best practices because communities – particularly small towns – can learn much from each other about building partnerships, seeking innovative funding opportunities, and encouraging community participation in economic development projects.

While not every small town will have the same local assets and advantages described in these case studies, every community does have the opportunity to look at itself, bring residents and elected officials together, and set a vision for how to take advantage of local assets in whatever form they take.  It is the goal of these case studies  to provide a snapshot of a few communities that have succeeded in beginning to make those visions a reality.  Click here for an overview of the case studies

Featured Case Studies:

• Las Vegas, New Mexico
• Guthrie, Kentucky
• Potosi, Wisconsin
• Greenville, Kentucky
• Lavonia, Georgia
• Sheridan County, Wyoming
• Lewistown, Pennsylvania
• Clinton, Iowa
• Rome, Georgia

A citizen-supported restaurant and hotel tax in Greenville, Kentucky established a Tourism Commission which has financed downtown façade improvements as well as free festivals and concerts, including the popular summer music series, “Saturdays on the Square.” (Photo Courtesy of Greenville photographer Amy Hourigan)

Contact Brett Schwartz, Program Manager, at bschwartz@nado.org or 202.624.7736 with any inquiries.

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These case studies were researched and written by NADO Research Foundation Fellows Parrish Bergquist and Brett Schwartz. NADO Associate Director Kathy Nothstine provided editorial review and guidance. This project is based in part upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under Agreement No. DTFH61-10-C-00047 and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under Agreement No.  DCSGP0003-11. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the NADO Research Foundation.

Fifty miles south of Greenville, Kentucky (previously featured here), the Pennyrile Area Development District (PADD) has been a partner in another transformative small town redevelopment project in Guthrie.  This past August, the town broke ground on a planned Transportation Museum and Welcome Center, a $1.4 million project almost a decade in the making.

Guthrie, home to 1,400 residents, is located along the Kentucky-Tennessee border and is steeped in transportation and American history.  Known as the “Crossroads of the South,” the town is named after James Guthrie, former US senator from Kentucky and one-time president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad – the company that built the first major switch track in the city.  Throughout the years, other rail lines would be routed through Guthrie both north-south and east-west, solidifying the town as a major destination during the golden era of the railroad.  The town also has its place in one of the darker episodes of American history as Native Americans on the Trail of Tears entered Kentucky by way of Guthrie on the journey westward.

Abandoned for decades, the two-building structure in downtown Guthrie known as the “Jenkins Building” will be home to a new transportation museum and Trail of Tears route welcome center when it opens in summer 2013. (Photo courtesy of De Leon and Primmer Architectural Workshop)

Though the railroad industry and Guthrie itself has changed much since its boom years, this town has not forgotten its roots and continues to embrace the culture of the industry that led to its development almost two centuries ago.  The transportation museum and welcome center for those touring the National Trail of Tears route will be located in a 120-year old two-building structure located downtown, known locally as the “Jenkins Building.”  Vacant since the early 1980s and currently in major disrepair, this 8,000 square foot space was the former site of a pharmacy and later the Jenkins Department Store which served the residents of Guthrie and surrounding areas for decades.  The red brick building was donated to the city after Mayor Scott Marshall reached out to the owner and discussed the plans for a museum.

Small Town, Big Expectations  

The museum and welcome center will be located in downtown Guthrie near the very train tracks (visible to the right and top of the photo) that helped shape the history and culture of this small Kentucky town. Click to enlarge map. (Image created using Google Earth)

Guthrie has set high expectations for this locally-driven project.  “Our goal is to have the museum be the same quality as one you would find in much larger cities, such as Louisville or Lexington,” says Tracy Robinson, Executive Manager of the city’s Guthrie Partners for Main Street.  Much of that high-end quality will come from enlisting the services of the De Leon & Primmer Architectural Workshop, a Louisville-based firm which specializes in designing modern projects that embrace local themes and history.  “A key part of the design concept was heavily influenced by common and familiar elements specific to the railroad and transportation industry that was so important to the city’s early growth,” explains principal Roberto de Leon.  Once completed, visitors will experience a renovated building which highlights the town’s past through the use of steel plate framing, concrete walls, and even color gel fluorescents which will elicit transportation-themed colors of red, yellow, green, blue, and brown.  The inside will mostly be gutted to make room for the modern exhibits, but the exterior façades and beautiful brick walls will be preserved, including a hand-painted vintage Coca-Cola mural advertising the soft drink for five cents a bottle.

Community involvement and buy-in was crucial while planning the museum.  “Throughout the design process, we worked closely and collaboratively with the Guthrie community and city leaders, organizing a series of workshops to maximize the value of the community’s investments in the project.  Most importantly, we were interested in the community’s aspirations,” says de Leon.

A rendering of the proposed exterior design for Guthrie’s transportation museum and welcome center. (Photo courtesy of De Leon and Primmer Architectural Workshop)

What was once an eyesore in downtown Guthrie will now attract visitors to learn about the city’s past, the transportation industry, and the larger surrounding region.  It is anticipated that visitors to the museum will benefit local businesses as people will shop and eat while downtown, an area that currently has 17 commercial buildings.  More importantly, the transportation museum is expected to serve as a larger catalyst for economic development in addition to the immediate local jobs created during the renovation stage.  “By renovating the Jenkins Building, this project can inspire other projects across the street, then down the street, and overall instill a sense of pride in the community,” says Robinson of Guthrie Partners for Main Street.  Finally, in addition to the economic development the museum is expected to bring to Guthrie is the priceless role that the museum will serve in celebrating the town’s past and reminding the residents, particularly children, of their own vibrant heritage.

‘You Must Be Persistent’

While the interior of the building will mostly be gutted, the building’s historic façade and brick exterior will be preserved, including this vintage Coca-Cola advertisement. (Photo courtesy of De Leon and Primmer Architectural Workshop)

Funding for the project was pooled from a $500,000 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and $900,000 from two Kentucky Transportation Enhancement (TE) grants.  “During the grant process, you must be persistent,” explains Robinson.  “We had to compete with much larger communities vying for limited amounts of money which means you have to be creative.  A project like this means a lot to a community like ours and we were stubborn enough not to give up.”  That persistence was clearly demonstrated by Mayor Marshall who made numerous trips to the state capital in Frankfort to seek funding and support for the project.

PADD supported the city in preparing the application and are also administering the CDBG funds.  “The interstate highways today take you around the towns that used to be the jewels of the region,” says Jason Vincent, PADD’s Assistant Director.  “With this new museum, Guthrie will have an opportunity to showcase its rich transportation history by attracting visitors to town.”

Through this new museum and welcome center, Guthrie has been able to turn a community liability into a true asset.  When it opens in the summer of 2013, it will have been after years of hard work, struggle, and dedication – much in the same spirit of Guthrie’s original residents who built this railroad town many years ago.

This case study was researched and written by Brett Schwartz, NADO Research Fellow.

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This is part of the NADO Research Foundation’s Vibrant Rural Communities series of case studies, which describes how rural regions and small towns across the country are growing local and regional economies and creating stronger communities. This series shows how communities can leverage a wide range of tools and resources to build on their assets, protect their resources, and make strategic investments that offer long-term benefits.

This project is based in part upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under Agreement No. DTFH61-10-C-00047. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of FHWA or the NADO Research Foundation.